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Joseph Auguste Anténor Firmin (18 October 1850 – 19 September 1911), better known as simply Anténor Firmin, was a Haitian anthropologist, journalist, and politician. Firmin is best known for his book ''De l'égalité des races humaines'' ((英語:On the Equality of Human Races)), which was published as a rebuttal to French writer Count Arthur de Gobineau's work ''Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines'' ((英語:Essay on the Inequality of Human Races)). Gobineau's book asserted the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of blacks and other people of color. Firmin's work, first published in 1885, argued the opposite, that "all men are endowed with the same qualities and the same faults, without distinction of color or anatomical form. The races are equal" (pp. 450). He was marginalized at the time for his beliefs that all human races were equal. Firmin pioneered the integration of race and physical anthropology and may be the first black anthropologist. His work was recognized not only in Haiti but also among African scholars as an early work of négritude. He had an impact on Jean Price-Mars, the founder of Haitian ethnology and on American anthropologist Melville Herskovits. Born in Cap-Haïtien, Firmin worked in teaching, politics, and diplomacy. He founded ''Le Messager du Nord'', a political and literary publication. ==Of the Equality of Human Races== In his best known work, ''De l'égalité des races humaines'' (aka ''Of the Equality of Human Races'') published in 1885, Firmin tackles two bases of existing theories on black inferiority in an effort to critique Gobineau's ''De l'Inégalité des Races Humaines'' (aka ''Of the Inequality of Human Races''). On the one hand Firmin challenges the idea of brain size or cephalic index as a measure of human intelligence and on the other he reasserts the presence of African Blacks in pharaonic Egypt. He then delves into the significance of the Haitian Revolution of 1804 and ensuing achievements of Haitians such as Léon Audain and Isaïe Jeanty in medicine and science and Edmond Paul in the social sciences. (Both Audain and Jeanty had obtained prizes from the Académie de Médecine de Paris.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anténor Firmin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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